{"id":12503,"date":"2024-10-15T16:56:30","date_gmt":"2024-10-15T09:56:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/?p=12503"},"modified":"2024-10-17T10:48:01","modified_gmt":"2024-10-17T03:48:01","slug":"quy-trinh-phat-trien-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/quy-trinh-phat-trien-phan-mem\/","title":{"rendered":"Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ed5ng quan c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y Base.vn<\/a> s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng b\u00ed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh doanh. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chi ph\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m theo th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"Quy<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

2. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 N\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u00fap c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, logic v\u00e0 b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c. Vi\u1ec7c chia nh\u1ecf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m do c\u00f3 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n. Quy tr\u00ecnh quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n s\u1edbm trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u chi ph\u00ed s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u1ec1 sau. Ngo\u00e0i ra, quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n chi ph\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t sinh chi ph\u00ed ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.4 T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0n giao ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng uy t\u00edn cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.5 \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c chia nh\u1ecf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n code c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Quy tr\u00ecnh quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\u00dd<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

3. 6 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e2u.  \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m 6 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1: Analysis – Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chi ti\u1ebft. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, bao g\u1ed3m th\u1eddi gian, ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2: Design – Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (UI), v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, giao di\u1ec7n UI, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3: Development – S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft code d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ebft code, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 module, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 s\u1eeda bug (l\u1ed7i) trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh code. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 code ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4: Testing – Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c bug trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00e0n giao v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed (staging\/QA environment). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00edt l\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam:<\/strong> 7 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 5: Deployment – Tri\u1ec3n khai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (production environment). Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m sau khi tri\u1ec3n khai. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 6: Maintenance – C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p, s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o l\u00ean nhau, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh\/ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Nh\u00ecn chung, quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cho t\u1edbi khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"6<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

4. 5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, v.v. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.1 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Agile (Agile Model)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Agile<\/a> l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 team ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ebd chia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 ng\u1eafn (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 1-4 tu\u1ea7n) g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sprint. M\u1ed7i sprint c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n nay \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Agile \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00edch \u1ee9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Agile th\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.2 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Scrum <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Scrum<\/a> v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c chia nh\u1ecf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c sprint ng\u1eafn (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 2-4 tu\u1ea7n). M\u1ed7i sprint bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sprint, Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. Team Scrum bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2: Scrum Master, Product Owner v\u00e0 Development Team.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Scrum l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i, gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.3 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc (Waterfall Model)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng quay l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 Tri\u1ec3n khai. M\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u00edt thay \u0111\u1ed5i; t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i mu\u1ed9n, t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u00edt c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.4 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh V (V – model)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh V l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng nhau theo h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef V. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, d\u1ec5 theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9, gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u00edt thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o \u00edt c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tham gia trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.5 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu. Theo \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f2ng xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c, m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. Sau m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00f2ng xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"M\u00f4<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

5. Nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.1 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m mang l\u1ea1i cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.2 L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a team l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 doanh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.3 X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ngay t\u1eeb khi l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc lu\u00f4n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m sau khi tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.4 T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Thay v\u00ec x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, t\u1ea1o ra tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u1ede l\u1ea7n ra m\u1eaft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy tr\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng n\u00ean thu th\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam:<\/strong> Top 6 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. T\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi Base.vn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong team ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f3i ri\u00eang m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00f3i chung. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 Base Work+<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng IT ri\u00eang ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 IT n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Base Workflow<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ban tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ecdi quy tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u lu\u1ed3ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng IT v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb thu\u00ea ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Base Wework, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c & d\u1ef1 \u00e1n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u00fap c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u00f4ng minh, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban\/team nh\u00f3m tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Base<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

7. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n, linh ho\u1ea1t theo t\u1eebng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi theo d\u00f5i, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c s\u1ebd gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh chinh ph\u1ee5c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ea7y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":12512,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[55],"class_list":["post-12503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-quan-ly-van-hanh"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nQuy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ed5ng quan c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. 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