{"id":21222,"date":"2025-09-03T16:54:17","date_gmt":"2025-09-03T09:54:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/?p=21222"},"modified":"2025-09-08T16:36:30","modified_gmt":"2025-09-08T09:36:30","slug":"quan-ly-kho-hang-trong-logistics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/quan-ly-kho-hang-trong-logistics\/","title":{"rendered":"10 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho h\u00e0ng trong logistics t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kho h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00e1i tim\u201d \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a lu\u00f4n th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t trong chu\u1ed7i logistics. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho thi\u1ebfu khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng, th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u0103ng cao. V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u? Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, Base.vn<\/a> s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb 10 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho h\u00e0ng<\/strong> gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. 10 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho h\u00e0ng trong logistics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp kho khoa h\u1ecdc theo quy t\u1eafc 5S<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Quy t\u1eafc 5S<\/a>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1edfi h\u00e3ng Toyota (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n) t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp kho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a 5S l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc, gi\u00fap nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u h\u01b0 hao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5S bao g\u1ed3m 5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: Sort \u2013 Set in order \u2013 Shine \u2013 Standardize \u2013 Sustain, hay trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0: S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc \u2013 S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u2013 S\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd \u2013 S\u0103n s\u00f3c \u2013 S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng<\/strong>. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc (Sort):<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong kho. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng h\u1ecfng, h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp (Set in order):<\/strong> Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a theo nh\u00f3m, g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u lu\u1ed3ng di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– S\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd (Shine): <\/strong>Duy tr\u00ec v\u1ec7 sinh kho th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, bao g\u1ed3m s\u00e0n, k\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c ho\u1eb7c tai n\u1ea1n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– S\u0103n s\u00f3c (Standardize): <\/strong>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kho, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng lu\u00f4n di\u1ec5n ra theo m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \/ K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt (Sustain):<\/strong> X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 5S, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, khen th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c duy tr\u00ec quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Quy
Quy t\u1eafc 5S<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

1.2 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho (WMS, RFID, Barcode)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a trong nh\u1eadp \u2013 xu\u1ea5t \u2013 t\u1ed3n, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– WMS – Warehouse Management System<\/a>: Gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, theo d\u00f5i s\u00e1t sao m\u1ecdi kh\u00e2u trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho, t\u1eeb nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng. WMS c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ed3n kho theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– RFID: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng radio \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb xa. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea, theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n hay di chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng trong kho, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m kho th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– M\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch (Barcode): G\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh danh cho t\u1eebng SKU ho\u1eb7c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0ng kho. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p Barcode, m\u00e1y qu\u00e9t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"WMS\"
WMS – Warehouse Management System<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

1.3 Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed3n kho theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc FIFO, LIFO, FEFO<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00e1 hay v\u00e0 c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed do h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. C\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– FIFO (First In, First Out):<\/strong> H\u00e0ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o kho tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec n\u00ean xu\u1ea5t ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c do \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u trong kho. Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– LIFO (Last In, First Out):<\/strong> H\u00e0ng n\u00e0o v\u00e0o kho sau th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1ee3i \u00edch mang l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u00e1 v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng gi\u00e1. Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u00edt b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo th\u1eddi gian, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 kim lo\u1ea1i, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– FEFO (First Expired, First Out):<\/strong> H\u00e0ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eafn th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t kho tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro l\u1ed7 v\u1ed1n do h\u00e0ng h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m uy t\u00edn v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, h\u00f3a m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ec5 h\u1ecfng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Nguy\u00ean
Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc FIFO, LIFO, FEFO<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

1.4 Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadp \u2013 xu\u1ea5t \u2013 ki\u1ec3m h\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh minh b\u1ea1ch.. Theo \u0111\u00f3, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft cho t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng \u2013 xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng \u2013 ki\u1ec3m h\u00e0ng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Trong quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n