{"id":21798,"date":"2025-09-15T16:52:19","date_gmt":"2025-09-15T09:52:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/?p=21798"},"modified":"2025-09-18T10:02:43","modified_gmt":"2025-09-18T03:02:43","slug":"mis-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/mis-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"MIS l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Management Information System"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kinh doanh c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t ng\u00e0y nay, vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac\u00a0Management Information System (MIS)<\/strong>\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c, gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng insight gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, Base.vn<\/a> s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch\u00a0MIS l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i, gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. MIS l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

MIS<\/strong> l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Management Information System<\/strong>, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Th\u00f4ng tin Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh, nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thu th\u1eadp, x\u1eed l\u00fd, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, MIS h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a MIS, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1eeb t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 b\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u0129a d\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf cho th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 (punch card). Nh\u1edd th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebf to\u00e1n t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a MIS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, khi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a MIS d\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m vi k\u1ebf to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho, b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, marketing, v.v\u2026 Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MIS th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c: m\u1ed7i ph\u00f2ng ban s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ri\u00eang, ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a internet, MIS \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn khi n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a> gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00f2ng ban kh\u00e1c nhau thay v\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. Chi ph\u00ed tri\u1ec3n khai c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai MIS trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"MIS
MIS l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

2. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MIS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Th\u00f4ng tin Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd (MIS) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n m\u1eaft x\u00edch ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng:<\/strong> Bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp, x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m: <\/strong>L\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eebng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kinh doanh chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 D\u1eef li\u1ec7u: <\/strong>Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a MIS. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u00e1o c\u00e1o b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean) ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (nh\u01b0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7). Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Quy tr\u00ecnh: <\/strong>L\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp, x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di\u1ec5n ra nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/strong> Bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MIS, t\u1eeb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, chuy\u00ean gia CNTT \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"C\u1ea5u
C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac MIS<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a MIS s\u1ebd ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Thu th\u1eadp & x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p theo quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin: <\/strong>Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong> D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd, nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam:<\/strong> Data Mining l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 4 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong khai ph\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng MIS trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a MIS trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.1 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng MIS trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u2013 K\u1ebf to\u00e1n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

MIS h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p theo d\u00f5i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 thu\u1ebf. Th\u00f4ng qua b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u00e3i l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i k\u1ebf to\u00e1n, MIS cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111a chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng MIS trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, MIS gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i, tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 theo d\u00f5i ch\u1ea5m c\u00f4ng, s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9 ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng MIS trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd B\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 Marketing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

MIS cho ph\u00e9p doanh nghi\u1ec7p theo d\u00f5i s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u00e1c k\u00eanh ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o doanh s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb m\u1edbi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.4 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng MIS trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, MIS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3n kho, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn trong quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng, theo d\u00f5i th\u00f4ng tin theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 . Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, v\u1eeba c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a MIS \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Khai th\u00e1c t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a MIS, doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n