{"id":22040,"date":"2025-09-19T10:13:21","date_gmt":"2025-09-19T03:13:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/?p=22040"},"modified":"2025-10-15T15:55:29","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T08:55:29","slug":"cong-nghe-xanh-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/cong-nghe-xanh-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p then ch\u1ed1t. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Base.vn<\/a> n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho b\u1ea1n t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, c\u1ea3 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1eabn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh theo c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh (Green Technology)<\/strong> l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Theo UNIDO (T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c), c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba r\u1ee7i ro cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo C\u01a1 quan S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EPO), c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh 5 nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh: ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, <\/strong>v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n sinh th\u00e1i.<\/strong> Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, OECD v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 CleanTech Open \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00ec m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"C\u00f4ng
C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

1.2 Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970-1980: C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– N\u0103m 1992: H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Rio de Janeiro \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– N\u0103m 2005: Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Kyoto c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– N\u0103m 2015: Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris v\u1ec1 Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u cam k\u1ebft to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– N\u0103m 2021: COP26 t\u1ea1i Glasgow v\u1edbi cam k\u1ebft “Net Zero” (ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i r\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng 0) c\u1ee7a 150 qu\u1ed1c gia, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3 Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh t\u1eadp trung s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, trong khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 th\u1ea3i ra nhi\u1ec1u r\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh<\/strong><\/td>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/td>\u01afu ti\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o (m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, gi\u00f3, th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n)<\/td>Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch (than, d\u1ea7u, kh\u00ed)<\/td><\/tr>
T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/td>Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i<\/td>Th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i<\/td><\/tr>
T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/strong><\/td>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, \u00edt ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf<\/td><\/tr>
Chi ph\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u cao, chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p<\/td>Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1ea5p, chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng cao<\/td><\/tr>
V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/strong><\/td>Quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea3i b\u1ecf<\/td>Th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1.4 M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (SDGs) c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u01b0: SDG 7 (N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng), SDG 11 (\u0110\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng), SDG 12 (S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m), SDG 13 (H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng xanh \u0111\u1ebfn 2050 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh v\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam:<\/strong> Kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2.1 C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u, T\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, T\u00e1i ch\u1ebf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u (Reduce)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh \u01b0u ti\u00ean vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hay quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u gi\u1ea3m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (Reuse)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 pin s\u1ea1c thay th\u1ebf pin d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, hay c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o r\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1i ch\u1ebf (Recycle)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, t\u1ea1o ra chu tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e9p k\u00edn trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf nh\u1ef1a th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u polymer m\u1edbi, hay thu h\u1ed3i kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd, \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ba nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f2n b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nh\u01b0: Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i (Recover), T\u00e1i t\u1ea1o (Regenerate) v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i (Redesign) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh khung 6R trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n xanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 Chu tr\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Chu tr\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n thay v\u00ec tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng:<\/strong> Ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u01afu ti\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c t\u1eeb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u:<\/strong> T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi logistics, gi\u1ea3m carbon footprint (d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n carbon) trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/strong> Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1eadt t\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thu h\u1ed3i, t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf thu h\u1ed3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f2n t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh gi\u00fap h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 “xanh” hay kh\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

– Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: M\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon: Gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc: Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i: Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd, t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i: Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea3i ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p: S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p thay v\u00ec thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Nguy\u00ean
Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

2.4 So s\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 quan B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Hoa K\u1ef3 cho th\u1ea5y xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m 50-70% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh so v\u1edbi xe \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u00e8n LED ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u00edt h\u01a1n 75% \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 25 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e8n s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3m 30-50% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, 25-40% n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam:<\/strong> C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 4.0 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh theo l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

3.1 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh trong n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 trung b\u00ecnh 4-5 kWh\/m2\/ng\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 15% l\u00ean t\u1edbi 22, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 25% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 76 USD\/W (n\u0103m 1977) xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 0,20 USD\/W hi\u1ec7n nay. C\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i Ninh Thu\u1eadn, B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia, trong khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u00e1p m\u00e1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 tuabin gi\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ea3i ven bi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e0 Mau c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 trung b\u00ecnh 6-8m\/s. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tuabin gi\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb v\u00e0i tr\u0103m kW l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 14-15MW cho m\u1ed9t tuabin, v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u cao tr\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 160m. Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n b\u1edd t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau, Tr\u00e0 Vinh, B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 trang tr\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 99,2 MW, gi\u00fap cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho l\u01b0\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u00e0nh nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t kho\u1ea3ng 17.000 MW. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Trung. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cho ph\u00e9p khai th\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3.2 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng minh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 t\u1edbi 70% ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m 30-60% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong canh t\u00e1c rau, hoa, c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, S\u01a1n La v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc xanh gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u1eefu c\u01a1, ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m sinh h\u1ecdc thay th\u1ebf cho h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 vi sinh, ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh, c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u1ee7 compost hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi sinh v\u1eadt ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc gi\u00fap x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa Internet v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt (IoT) v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng theo d\u00f5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng minh ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 trang tr\u1ea1i rau th\u1ee7y canh t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t; trang tr\u1ea1i ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai, B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"N\u00f4ng
N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng minh<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

3.3 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n (Cleaner Production) \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong ng\u00e0nh d\u1ec7t may, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nhu\u1ed9m ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m 30-50% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y xi m\u0103ng, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 nung hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m 20-30% ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n trong C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch k\u00e9p v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00ed h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i r\u1eafn, l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n, x\u1eed l\u00fd sinh h\u1ecdc hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed-k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p cho ph\u00e9p x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf nh\u1ef1a th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c (chemical recycling), thu h\u1ed3i kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd t\u1eeb r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf pin lithium-ion \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sinh th\u00e1i, n\u01a1i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c, \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 Ninh B\u00ecnh, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u xanh v\u00e0 bao b\u00ec th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u xanh \u0111ang l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 composite sinh h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, xi m\u0103ng carbon th\u1ea5p. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c bao b\u00ec, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 bao b\u00ec ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb b\u00e3 m\u00eda, tinh b\u1ed9t s\u1eafn, bao b\u00ec t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb gi\u1ea5y, nh\u1ef1a sinh h\u1ecdc PLA, PHB \u0111ang d\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng h\u00fat t\u1eeb c\u1ecf b\u00e0ng, bao b\u00ec t\u1eeb b\u00e3 m\u00eda, t\u00fai nilon ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb tinh b\u1ed9t s\u1eafn. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh doanh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u1eaft khe c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh trong giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

– Xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng s\u1ea1c:<\/strong> Xe m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n, xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec7n, xe bu\u00fdt \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u00eam \u00e1i v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea5p, \u0111ang d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh trong ng\u00e0nh giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. VinFast l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u ti\u00ean phong v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu xe \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn cao c\u1ea5p. H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, TP.HCM, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 pin lithium-ion ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn gi\u00fap t\u0103ng ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean 300-500km cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n s\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian s\u1ea1c xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 30-40 ph\u00fat v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea1c nhanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hydro xanh:<\/strong> Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 ethanol t\u1eeb s\u1eafn, m\u00eda v\u00e0 biodiesel t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. X\u0103ng E5, E10 (pha 5-10% ethanol) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, hydro xanh (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc) \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Hydro xanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong xe nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hydro (FCEV) ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p carbon th\u1ea5p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng minh:<\/strong> Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u00f9n t\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, TP.HCM \u0111ang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng xe bu\u00fdt nhanh (BRT), \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb (metro) v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng minh trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd giao th\u00f4ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e9 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng theo d\u00f5i l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng minh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p chia s\u1ebb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n (bike-sharing, car-sharing) c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam:<\/strong> C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 7 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. L\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

4.1 L\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: Gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p canh t\u00e1c h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.2 L\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf: Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u00e1p m\u00e1i cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n v\u1ed1n trong 5-7 n\u0103m v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn trong 15-20 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ILO), chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf xanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra 24 tri\u1ec7u<\/a> vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng xanh c\u0169ng \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n