{"id":25935,"date":"2025-12-29T17:15:13","date_gmt":"2025-12-29T10:15:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/?p=25935"},"modified":"2026-01-05T10:24:08","modified_gmt":"2026-01-05T03:24:08","slug":"mrp-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/mrp-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"MRP l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh nhu c\u1ea7u nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

MRP (Material Requirements Planning) hay Ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh nhu c\u1ea7u nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u1eady c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n th\u00ec MRP l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>, MRP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Base.vn<\/a> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 trong n\u1ed9i dung sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. MRP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a MRP v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

MRP (Material Requirements Planning)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a MRP bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MRP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ba m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh: \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed3n kho \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 thu mua h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t. Qua \u0111\u00f3, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u chi ph\u00ed l\u01b0u kho, tr\u00e1nh thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t v\u1eadt t\u01b0 c\u1ea7n cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"MRP
MRP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

1.2 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n MRP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

MRP c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 70 n\u0103m, kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed3n kho s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1964, Black & Decker tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng MRP trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, MRP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1983, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh MRP II (Manufacturing Resource Planning) v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 MRP II c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng\u201d cho s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)<\/a> – Ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3 MRP trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0, MRP \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa MRP v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 IoT (Internet V\u1ea1n V\u1eadt), Big Data (d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn), v\u00e0 AI (tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a cao trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MRP hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c t\u1eeb d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.4 T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a MRP trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u1ed3n kho, MRP gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a MRP, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, MRP c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eeb thu mua, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kho b\u00e3i. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 MRP cung c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.5 Doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng MRP?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 v\u1eeba v\u00e0 l\u1edbn trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 d\u1ec7t may, c\u01a1 kh\u00ed ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u00f4 t\u00f4, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/a> ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam:<\/strong> Top\u202f10+ ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p 2025<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MRP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2.1 B\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u BOM (Bill of Materials)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

BOM<\/a> hay \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u201cx\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MRP. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung BOM gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Trong \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, linh ki\u1ec7n, b\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BOM th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2y ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u1ede \u0111\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m chi ti\u1ebft l\u1edbn;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00e0ng xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: BOM c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ea1p s\u1ebd g\u1ed3m khung xe \u1edf t\u1ea7ng 1; b\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc & b\u00e1nh sau \u1edf t\u1ea7ng 2; v\u00e0nh, nan hoa, l\u1ed1p,\u2026 \u1edf t\u1ea7ng 3. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh ri\u00eang, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong BOM quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MRP. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebfu linh ki\u1ec7n, sai s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p \u201chi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng domino\u201d: s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb sai l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed t\u0103ng cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh (Master Production Schedule – MPS)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh (MPS)<\/a> l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, cho bi\u1ebft doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o v\u00e0 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian bao l\u00e2u. MPS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0: d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MRP, MPS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u201cb\u1ed9 n\u00e3o \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i\u201d, gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 huy trung t\u00e2m. T\u1eeb MPS, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, linh ki\u1ec7n, b\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m \u1edf t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t MPS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t gi\u00fap d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba\/thi\u1ebfu nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MPS c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng\/gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nhu c\u1ea7u. Khi MPS thay \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MRP c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cung \u1ee9ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 Th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed3n kho (Inventory Records)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed3n kho l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MRP. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong kho, bao g\u1ed3m: s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t mua, h\u00e0ng \u0111ang v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 MRP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed3n kho ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1ed3n kho an to\u00e0n (Safety Stock):<\/strong> m\u1ee9c d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba r\u1ee7i ro thi\u1ebfu h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Th\u1eddi gian cung \u1ee9ng (Lead Time):<\/strong> kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u (Lot Size): <\/strong>s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n mua \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef:<\/strong> v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi MRP, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o trong t\u1ed3n kho (t\u0103ng, gi\u1ea3m, ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng) \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i nhu c\u1ea7u nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm nguy c\u01a1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y lu\u00f4n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"C\u00e1c
C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MRP<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

2.4  M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MRP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MRP s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb MPS \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u00ec, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao nhi\u00eau v\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o. T\u1eeb th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3, MRP s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u201cn\u1ed5 BOM\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n xem c\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee3t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, MRP \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt t\u01b0 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi Inventory Records (d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed3n kho hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i). N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n mua th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung; n\u1ebfu d\u01b0, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd g\u1eedi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u1ed3n kho v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. Khi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o thay \u0111\u1ed5i, MRP s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a MRP: T\u1eeb thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a MRP di\u1ec5n ra theo m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh logic g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh. B\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e9p k\u00edn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhu c\u1ea7u nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. L\u1eadp l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a MRP n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t nhanh. N\u1ebfu doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng th\u00ec d\u1ec5 sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f2n MRP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u BOM v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed3n kho<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh MRP. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 cho ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thu th\u1eadp bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– D\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n