{"id":25999,"date":"2025-12-17T11:00:50","date_gmt":"2025-12-17T04:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/?p=25999"},"modified":"2025-12-17T11:09:12","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T04:09:12","slug":"tqm-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/tqm-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"TQM l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Theo \u0111\u00f3, TQM l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh. Trong n\u1ed9i dung sau \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Base.vn<\/a> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u TQM l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n (TQM)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 TQM l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

TQM<\/strong> l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cTotal Quality Management\u201d<\/strong>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u1eb1m t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hoa K\u1ef3 (ASQ), TQM l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa TQM v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. Trong khi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (QC) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i sau khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ra, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (QA) ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, th\u00ec TQM m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, TQM \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh khi tham gia chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"TQM
TQM l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

1.2 M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a TQM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a TQM l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua mong \u0111\u1ee3i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng: <\/strong>\u0110\u1eb7t nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh doanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c:<\/strong> \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act)<\/a> trong m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– N\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/strong> Gi\u1ea3m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng:<\/strong> X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TQM kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hay c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb m\u00e0 l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0 chuy\u00ean gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng W. Edwards Deming<\/a> t\u1eebng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: “Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen”<\/strong><\/em> (Quality is not an act, it is a habit). Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3 C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng TQM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng TQM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00e0i h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa n\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1:<\/strong> Bao g\u1ed3m vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (QCC) chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> C\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. M\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p SaaS nh\u01b0 Base.vn<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– V\u0103n h\u00f3a h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tham gia c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam: <\/strong>MES l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t MES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a TQM<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2.1 L\u1ea5y kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m trong m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a TQM l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng” trong TQM bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5) v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thang \u0111o NPS (Net Promoter Score) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Thu th\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp: Th\u00f4ng qua hotline, email v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00eanh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng: D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft t\u1eeb ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a TQM ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n t\u1eeb ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a TQM, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 khen th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

“Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi”. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 trong TQM. M\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn: Cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean g\u1eedi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (QCC): T\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n tham gia gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng, khen th\u01b0\u1edfng, ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edch<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.4 Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

TQM y\u00eau c\u1ea7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean k\u1ebft, thay v\u00ec t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd theo qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m ba b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.5 C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kaizen<\/a> (tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n) l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a TQM. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn, Kaizen khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Plan (L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch): X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Do (Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n): Tri\u1ec3n khai gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1edf quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Check (Ki\u1ec3m tra): \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Act (H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng): Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"C\u00e1c
C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a TQM<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

2.6 Ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a TQM l\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf thay v\u00ec c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh hay kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng bao g\u1ed3m: t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, chi ph\u00ed ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m, th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Pareto \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh 20% nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra 80% v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1ch quan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong TQM<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

3.1 7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3y c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong TQM bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 (Ishikawa): <\/strong>Gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng qua 6 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, M\u00e1y m\u00f3c, V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Pareto:<\/strong> \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc 80\/20 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– L\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> Gi\u00fap tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n bottleneck (n\u00fat th\u1eaft c\u1ed5 chai).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Phi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong> D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t: <\/strong>Cho ph\u00e9p theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1:<\/strong> Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n:<\/strong> Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Trong ng\u00e0nh F&B, m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5, x\u00e9t t\u1eeb k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ebfp, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u0111o th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2 C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong TQM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m, ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Kaizen. Kaizen t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 5S (S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc, S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, S\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, Duy tr\u00ec) gi\u00fap ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u00f3m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (QCC). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp trung gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi 5S \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp QCC \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng PDCA gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Chu
Chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

3.3 M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa TQM v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh <\/strong><\/td>TQM <\/strong><\/td>ISO 9001<\/strong><\/td>Lean Six Sigma<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u1ea1m vi<\/td>To\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>Gi\u1ea3m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td><\/tr>
M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/td>N\u00e2ng cao s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/td>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/td>Quy tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra tr\u01a1n tru v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/td>Tham gia to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a, ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n<\/td>Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, DMAIC<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

TQM v\u00e0 ISO 9001 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau: ISO 9001 cung c\u1ea5p khung s\u01b0\u1eddn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n, trong khi TQM t\u1ea1o v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. Nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ISO 9001 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n khai TQM \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Lean Six Sigma mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch k\u00e9p: TQM cung c\u1ea5p tri\u1ebft l\u00fd t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Lean Six Sigma \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p DMAIC<\/a> (Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.4 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 TQM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (M\u1ef9), European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM), v\u00e0 Asian Quality Award cung c\u1ea5p ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh TQM c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m: L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o (15%), Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch (10%), Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (15%), \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (10%), Ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c (15%), Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy tr\u00ecnh (15%), v\u00e0 K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kinh doanh (20%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c TQM ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Quy tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai TQM trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

4.1 \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong tri\u1ec3n khai TQM l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Checklist \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng TQM cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ch\u01b0a?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau TQM c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai TQM ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.2 X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch TQM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 TQM (KPI\/KQI) quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u (First Pass Yield)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Chi ph\u00ed ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m (Cost of Poor Quality) so v\u1edbi doanh thu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (Customer Response Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0110i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (Customer Satisfaction Score)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra theo ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: Th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m (6 th\u00e1ng) t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m, Nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng (12 th\u00e1ng) ra c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a (6 th\u00e1ng) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a TQM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.3 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a TQM. M\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u TQM th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m: S\u1ed5 tay quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, Bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu v\u00e0 checklist h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, v\u00e0 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho t\u1eebng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.4 \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o TQM c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m TQM, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n cho tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u00ec xoay quanh c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p TQM v\u00e0o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0: b\u1ea3n tin n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 chia s\u1ebb th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc, b\u0103ng r\u00f4n t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n giao l\u01b0u chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.5 V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 TQM theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. Dashboard (b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n) qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 quy tr\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tham gia c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh r\u00e0 so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 bao g\u1ed3m: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, R\u00e0 so\u00e1t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nguy c\u01a1 t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.6 L\u01b0u \u00fd d\u00e0nh cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a “n\u1ec3 nang” v\u00e0 “ng\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i” l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai TQM t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 ra l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, th\u00ec s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m l\u00fd an to\u00e0n th\u00f4ng qua cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t khi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u1ea9n danh, v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c doanh nghi\u1ec7p gia \u0111\u00ecnh, TQM c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n h\u00f3a. Thay v\u00ec \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 5S v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Quy
Quy tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai TQM trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

5. L\u1ee3i \u00edch, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng TQM<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

5.1 L\u1ee3i \u00edch khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng TQM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai TQM mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– N\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5: Gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i trung b\u00ecnh 30-50% trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec3n khai<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m: Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m 2-5% doanh thu th\u00f4ng qua gi\u1ea3m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u0103ng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng: C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng 15-25%<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh: R\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi 20-40%<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– L\u00e0m m\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c: T\u0103ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.2 Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong tri\u1ec3n khai TQM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Thi\u1ebfu cam k\u1ebft l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c kinh doanh ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1ee9c th\u00ec. Nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec3n khai TQM v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng khi kh\u00f4ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u00ec gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat cam k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u sai v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t TQM: Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf cho r\u1eb1ng TQM qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m TQM ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c: \u0110\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ki\u00ean tr\u00ec. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo l\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.3 Sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong tri\u1ec3n khai TQM t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Xem TQM nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n phong tr\u00e0o thay v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai n\u1eeda v\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ecf d\u1edf khi g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c l\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p TQM v\u00e0o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c 3-5 n\u0103m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m cho TQM tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u00e1o r\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed7i, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 thu th\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e2u khi\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong TQM. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.4. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a TQM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a TQM th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Cam k\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o: L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao ph\u1ea3i tham gia tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ngay c\u1ea3 khi g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, minh b\u1ea1ch: Th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 TQM c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf khen th\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: Ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– G\u1eafn TQM v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng TQM \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kinh doanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam: <\/strong>SOP l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Standard Operating Procedure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Base.vn – Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u00edch h\u1ee3p TQM v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TQM, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ecdi quy tr\u00ecnh, m\u1ecdi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, Base.vn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p bi\u1ebfn tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh, minh b\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch Base.vn<\/a> h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a TQM:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Base Work+ – Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh & c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn (bottleneck) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c (Corrective Action) theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1ea1o v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i (Feedback Loop) v\u00e0 Kaizen th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ecnh k\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Base HRM+ – Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1: t\u1eeb tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ea5m c\u00f4ng, t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng KPI\/OKR minh b\u1ea1ch, gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5m c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro sai l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c (Competency Framework) gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00fang k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Base Finance+ – Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Minh b\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh: chi ph\u00ed, d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi ph\u00ed trong t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, t\u1eebng quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn (Improvement Projects) lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh sai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Base CRM – Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kinh doanh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1eadp trung to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh vi, ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nhu c\u1ea7u, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh (\u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, email, Zalo, web chat,…), h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m + Marketing + Kinh doanh + D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Base Info+ – Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, quy tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (SOP\/ISO) r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1ea1o trung t\u00e2m tri th\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy c\u1eadp h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng giao ti\u1ebfp minh b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n \u201cch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Base.vn<\/a>
Base.vn<\/a> – N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00e0i h\u00f2a 5 b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean, doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh, gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n; ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng; ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01a1n 10.000+ doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf, F&B,… \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn Base.vn l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngay h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nh\u1ea5t cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. K\u1ebft b\u00e0i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cTQM l\u00e0 g\u00ec\u201d m\u00e0 Base.vn mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p. TQM kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd kinh doanh gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a TQM ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, cam k\u1ebft t\u1eeb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Theo \u0111\u00f3, TQM l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng l\u00f2ng trung […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":26008,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[64],"class_list":["post-25999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kien-thuc-san-xuat"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTQM l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u quy tr\u00ecnh, t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/tqm-la-gi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Base Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/base.vietnam\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-17T04:00:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-17T04:09:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/base.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/TQM.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u1ecdc Anh\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u1ecdc Anh\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"28 ph\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/tqm-la-gi\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/tqm-la-gi\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u1ecdc Anh\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/57ecb7f1120fdec6bcb229bc840bc1f1\"},\"headline\":\"TQM l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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