{"id":26211,"date":"2025-12-25T10:07:21","date_gmt":"2025-12-25T03:07:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/?p=26211"},"modified":"2025-12-25T13:44:25","modified_gmt":"2025-12-25T06:44:25","slug":"5m1e-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/5m1e-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"5M1E l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5M1E v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 Ishikawa ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1eefu \u00edch gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u1eady c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n th\u00ec m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5M1E l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Base.vn<\/a> s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. 5M1E l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 5M1E<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

5M1E<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho 6 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, bao g\u1ed3m: Material (v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u), Machine (m\u00e1y m\u00f3c), Man (con ng\u01b0\u1eddi), Method (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c), Measurement (\u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng), v\u00e0 Environment (m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5M1E kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khung t\u01b0 duy gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. M\u1ed7i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5M1E s\u1ebd gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p r\u00e0 so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecf s\u00f3t nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p mang t\u00ednh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"5M1E
5M1E l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

1.2 M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 Ishikawa v\u00e0 5M1E<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 Ishikawa<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n – k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Kaoru Ishikawa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1943. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e1nh bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5M1E v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 Ishikawa, doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Thay v\u00ec li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh, 6 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a 5M1E \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3. Qua c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 bao qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eabn nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5M1E<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi 5M, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o 5 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh g\u1ed3m: Man (con ng\u01b0\u1eddi), Machine (m\u00e1y m\u00f3c), Material (v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u), Method (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p) v\u00e0 Mother Nature ho\u1eb7c Milieu (m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo th\u1eddi gian, khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Measurement (\u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh 5M1E nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh c\u1edd m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Theo \u0111\u00f3, Measurement \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 6 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.4 V\u00ec sao 5M1E quan tr\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0 duy qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5M1E mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, 5M1E c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u201cng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung\u201d trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Khi c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban c\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t khung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, tr\u01a1n tru h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u l\u1eabn nhau \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn trong th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng chung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, 5M1E h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch logic, thay v\u00ec c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eebng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam:<\/strong> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5M l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng 5M trong qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. 6 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a 5M1E<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2.1 Material (nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Material bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ph\u1ee5 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra lu\u00f4n ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng ch\u01b0a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, kh\u00e2u ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f2n s\u01a1 s\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Material, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1eb7t ra ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 t\u1eebng l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kho b\u00e3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Material
Material (nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

2.2 Machine (m\u00e1y m\u00f3c\/thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Machine bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y c\u01a1 kh\u00ed truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Machine th\u01b0\u1eddng xoay quanh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, thi\u1ebfu k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eadm \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u0169 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ea5p d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i cao. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Machine, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Thay v\u00ec n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t, doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean tri\u1ec3n khai theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u01b0u ti\u00ean nh\u1eefng kh\u00e2u c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng (preventive maintenance) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh s\u1ebd gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Machine
Machine (m\u00e1y m\u00f3c\/thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

2.3 Man (con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Man \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. \u0110\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5M1E, b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c cao \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u0169ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3i ng\u1ed9 th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Man, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp v\u0103n h\u00f3a doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u sai s\u00f3t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Man
Man (con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

2.4 Method (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Method \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n trong chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh do thi\u1ebfu quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n g\u00e2y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Method, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n r\u00e0 so\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 Lean Manufacturing<\/a> (s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn), Six Sigma<\/a> (qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u) ho\u1eb7c Kaizen<\/a> (c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c) s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Method
Method (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

2.5 Measurement (\u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, ki\u1ec3m tra)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Measurement l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5M truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eb1m nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Measurement th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m quan, khi\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u0169ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i hay th\u1eddi gian s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m thay v\u00ec c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 Measurement, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 IoT (Internet V\u1ea1n V\u1eadt) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u00e1y m\u00f3c s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m sai s\u00f3t do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 KPI v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Measurement
Measurement (\u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, ki\u1ec3m tra)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

2.6 Environment (m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\/\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Environment bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m hay \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n bao h\u00e0m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a, Environment \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m hay \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh do s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ch\u01b0a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u0169ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt m\u1eafc sai s\u00f3t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Environment, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng l\u1eabn v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng qua ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Environment
Environment (m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\/\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

3. Vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a 5M1E trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

3.1 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 (Root Cause Analysis)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5M1E trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n t\u1eebng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m ph\u00eda sau s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p 5M1E v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 Ishikawa, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 tri\u1ec3n khai h\u01a1n. M\u1ed7i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong 5M1E \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 brainstorming (th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t may t\u1ea1i Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1ed7i t\u0103ng cao. Khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5M1E \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eadn ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (Material) m\u00e0 c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (Machine), c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y m\u1edbi ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o (Man), quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac (Method), thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng s\u1ee3i thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (Measurement), v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m trong x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t (Environment).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2 Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5M1E \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Khi 6 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd t\u1eebng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi theo d\u00f5i s\u00e1t sao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (Material), doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 cho m\u00e1y m\u00f3c (Machine) gi\u00fap h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd g\u00e2y gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3 T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1ed7i gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, khi quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba v\u00e0 g\u00e2y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Machine th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n chi ph\u00ed s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Man tuy \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi chi ph\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1 cao, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, \u00edt sai s\u00f3t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u1eafn b\u00f3 h\u01a1n v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p, qua \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.5 N\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 6 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5M1E gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t, t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00e1y m\u00f3c lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cao, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, uy t\u00edn th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb ph\u00eda kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y, nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5M1E \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ISO 9001, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng 5M1E trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

4.1 B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5M1E l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 5W1H, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n