{"id":26461,"date":"2025-12-30T10:33:56","date_gmt":"2025-12-30T03:33:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/?p=26461"},"modified":"2025-12-30T10:46:18","modified_gmt":"2025-12-30T03:46:18","slug":"nha-san-xuat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/nha-san-xuat\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1eaft x\u00edch then ch\u1ed1t t\u1ea1o n\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Base.vn<\/a> s\u1ebd gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00f9ng vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (manufacturer)<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, linh ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng \u1edf kh\u00e2u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean ho\u00e0n, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m ra \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Theo Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ed1 59\/2020\/QH14<\/a>, doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Samsung Electronics: V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Ninh v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– VinFast: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u00f4 t\u00f4 t\u1eeb khung xe, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m mang th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"Nh\u00e0
Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

1.2 Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 b\u00e1n l\u1ebb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh doanh, m\u1ed7i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t then ch\u1ed1t n\u1eb1m \u1edf quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/a> v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng. Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, trong khi nh\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 logistics v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 b\u00e1n l\u1ebb ch\u0103m s\u00f3c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/td>Vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/td>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/td>Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/td>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, gia c\u00f4ng, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>Samsung s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, VinFast s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/td><\/tr>
Nh\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng<\/td>Cung \u1ee9ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/td>Khai th\u00e1c, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, cung c\u1ea5p linh ki\u1ec7n, b\u00e1n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/td>Qualcomm cung c\u1ea5p chip x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/td><\/tr>
Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i <\/td>Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m theo khu v\u1ef1c<\/td>V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, giao h\u00e0ng cho \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd<\/td>Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi Di \u0110\u1ed9ng (nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n<\/td><\/tr>
Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1n l\u1ebb<\/td>B\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng <\/td>Tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y, t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng<\/td>Si\u00eau th\u1ecb Co.opmart, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1.3 Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Theo Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p 2020, m\u1ecdi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd kinh doanh, c\u00f3 Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng 2020<\/a>: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Lu\u1eadt An to\u00e0n, v\u1ec7 sinh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng 2015<\/a>: Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb trang b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 hay \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Lu\u1eadt Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a 2007 (s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103m 2019): X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, ghi nh\u00e3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh, thu h\u1ed3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m khi ph\u00e1t sinh l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, n\u0103m 2025, Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 14\/6\/2025 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1. Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 167\/2025\/N\u0110-CP<\/a> v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u1ea3i quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam:<\/strong> Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00f4ng minh (Smart Factory) trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2.1 T\u1ea1o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao h\u01a1n th\u00f4ng qua quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong ng\u00e0nh \u00f4 t\u00f4, VinFast nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u th\u00e9p, nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p. Qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1eadp khung xe, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chi\u1ebfc xe th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Kho\u1ea3ng ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, trong ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, Samsung k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 chip x\u1eed l\u00fd, m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh OLED hay camera \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, trong \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 cao v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 R&D<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ba tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m: qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/a>, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (R&D). Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n tri\u1ec3n khai 3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t:<\/strong> L\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o nhu c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9, tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i. Vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ebd gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi khi c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 9001, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/strong> L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Apple \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 USD m\u1ed7i n\u0103m cho R&D \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chip x\u1eed l\u00fd, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ri\u00eang. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Viettel c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh R&D \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng 5G, gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Vai
Vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

2.3 \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e0u\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u0103m 2025 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 25% GDP<\/a> (t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 16% n\u0103m 2020). Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. C\u00e1c khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Ninh, B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng hay \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai thu h\u00fat h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1eaft x\u00edch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, b\u00e1n l\u1ebb. Vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1edd l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed, ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn cho ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. C\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, d\u1ec7t may, gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p mang v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 USD m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

3.1 S\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t: m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c trong chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m: m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. T\u00f9y theo ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi robot c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u0103ng chuy\u1ec1n, ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y gia c\u00f4ng CNC c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 \u1edf y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t may ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1eaft v\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng laser v\u00e0 robot may, gi\u00fap n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m sai s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, b\u00ed quy\u1ebft s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, VinFast \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p pin v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Samsung \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh 7nm, 5nm, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2 Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: MTS, MTO v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f9y v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh doanh, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Ba m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: Make to Stock, Make to Order v\u00e0 Lean Manufacturing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Make to Stock (MTS \u2013 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o) l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u01b0u kho v\u00e0 b\u00e1n d\u1ea7n. C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i hay \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a MTS l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao h\u00e0ng nhanh nh\u1edd t\u1ed3n kho s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o sai nhu c\u1ea7u, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u1ed3n kho d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, chi ph\u00ed l\u01b0u tr\u1eef cao v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Make to Order (MTO \u2013 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng) ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a MTO l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian giao h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 khai th\u00e1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lean Manufacturing<\/a> (s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn) l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Toyota Production System c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m (Just-in-Time<\/a>), c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (Kaizen<\/a>), ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngay t\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed nh\u01b0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft hay s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0 th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3 C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi ph\u00ed nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 th\u00e9p, nh\u1ef1a hay d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 \u00f4 t\u00f4, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2022\u20132023, gi\u00e1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng cao \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ngu\u1ed3n cung thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi ph\u00ed nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111ang t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n do l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e2ng cao ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean s\u1ed1. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o m\u00e1y m\u00f3c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng minh nh\u01b0 ERP (ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p) hay MES (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t)<\/a> gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian thu h\u1ed3i v\u1ed1n d\u00e0i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, khu ch\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t gi\u00fap thu h\u00fat nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, trong khi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i bu\u1ed9c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00eam cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea1nh tranh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gay g\u1eaft \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi trang hay \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh khi\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\u0110\u1eb7c
\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

4. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

4.1 Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo quy m\u00f4 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 39\/2018\/N\u0110-CP<\/a>, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng v\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy m\u00f4<\/strong><\/td>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1<\/strong><\/td>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/td>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Si\u00eau nh\u1ecf<\/td>D\u01b0\u1edbi 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/td>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, quy m\u00f4 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/td>X\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, l\u00e0ng ngh\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/td><\/tr>
Nh\u1ecf<\/td>10-50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p), 10-100 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c)<\/td>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, linh ho\u1ea1t<\/td>X\u01b0\u1edfng may gia c\u00f4ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t linh ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf<\/td><\/tr>
V\u1eeba<\/td>51-200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p), 100-200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c)<\/td>C\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c<\/td>Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bao b\u00ec, nh\u1ef1a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/td><\/tr>
L\u1edbn<\/td>Tr\u00ean 200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/td>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u<\/td>Samsung, VinFast, H\u00f2a Ph\u00e1t<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh quy m\u00f4, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Trong ng\u00e0nh \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 xe m\u00e1y, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 VinFast, Honda Vi\u1ec7t Nam hay Toyota Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1edf h\u1eefu d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a cao. Ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u00f3p m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Samsung, Intel, Canon v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Ng\u00e0nh d\u1ec7t may v\u00e0 da gi\u00e0y g\u1ed3m Vinatex v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p gia c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u cho c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 Vinamilk, TH True Milk, Masan Consumer, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.2 Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh: OEM v\u00e0 ODM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

OEM v\u00e0 ODM l\u00e0 hai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tham gia c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o kh\u00e2u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– OEM<\/a> (Original Equipment Manufacturer \u2013 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1ed1c): L\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ef1a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Sau khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t OEM ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c gia c\u00f4ng, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00fang theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n