{"id":26852,"date":"2026-01-08T10:37:53","date_gmt":"2026-01-08T03:37:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/?p=26852"},"modified":"2026-01-08T11:41:51","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T04:41:51","slug":"vsm-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/vsm-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"VSM l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ec sao c\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (Value Stream Mapping)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra, v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn trong quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, Value Stream Mapping (VSM)<\/strong> hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4, linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, d\u1ec7t may, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. V\u1eady VSM l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> T\u1ea1i sao nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng VSM? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Base.vn<\/a> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft trong n\u1ed9i dung sau. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. VSM (Value Stream Mapping) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 VSM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

VSM<\/strong> l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Value Stream Mapping<\/strong>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u201cs\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/strong>\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00f4ng tin xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. VSM cho ph\u00e9p doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00e2y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VSM b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Toyota Production System (TPS \u2013 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota) v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Taiichi Ohno, Toyota nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed n\u1eb1m \u1edf th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1918 trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cInstalling Efficiency Methods\u201d c\u1ee7a Charles E. Knoeppel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong Lean Manufacturing<\/a> (s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn), VSM gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban c\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (Current State Map), t\u00ecm ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quy tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (Future State Map). Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed3n kho, r\u00fat ng\u1eafn lead time, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t k\u00e9o (pull production) v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (continuous flow).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"VSM
VSM (Value Stream Mapping) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

1.2 S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa VSM v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 Lean kh\u00e1c (Kanban, 5S)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

VSM th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 Lean kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Kanban v\u00e0 5S, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanban<\/a> l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ef1c quan gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n kho b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. Kanban h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0 th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5S<\/a> l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc: S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc, S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, S\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, S\u0103n s\u00f3c v\u00e0 S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a 5S l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng, an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a VSM n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. VSM cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Kanban ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00f2n 5S t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng VSM \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn trong quy tr\u00ecnh, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Kanban \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn trong lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai 5S \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3 C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 VSM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 VSM s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Qua \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede hai \u0111\u1ea7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p quy tr\u00ecnh (process box), \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd. M\u1ed7i h\u1ed9p quy tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m h\u1ed9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (data box), trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 (cycle time), th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i (changeover time), t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed3n kho gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c, cho bi\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111ang ch\u1edd x\u1eed l\u00fd. C\u00e1ch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1eb7c m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u00e9o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 2 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u00ednh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 VSM:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (material flow): <\/strong>Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd \u1edf ph\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00f4ng tin (information flow): <\/strong>Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m ph\u00eda tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian (timeline), d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (value-added time) v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (non-value-added time). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh 2 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam:<\/strong> Muda l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 9 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed trong Lean Manufacturing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. V\u00ec sao c\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb? Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2.1 H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 VSM truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 VSM truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng tay tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f9ng xu\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi quy m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng d\u1ea7n b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean do nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea5y nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Khi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a VSM gi\u1ea3m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c chi nh\u00e1nh, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i sao ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, v\u1eeba m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian v\u1eeba d\u1ec5 sai l\u1ec7ch. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb xa, nh\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00e2u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 lead time, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hay so s\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc & sau c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra sai s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho th\u1ea5y, vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec VSM th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i khi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 thu mua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 VSM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ed1 h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 eVSM, Lucidchart, Microsoft Visio ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c module t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 Base.vn<\/a>, c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb VSM m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a. Khi VSM s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi MES<\/a> (Manufacturing Execution System \u2013 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t) ho\u1eb7c ERP<\/a> (Enterprise Resource Planning \u2013 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p), c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3, t\u1ed3n kho hay t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, doanh nghi\u1ec7p lu\u00f4n n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ec1 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 VSM s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, th\u00f4ng qua n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u0169 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, VSM kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chi ph\u00ed, nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 Base.vn gi\u00fap k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00f2ng ban, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o khi c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf thay v\u00ec c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, VSM s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a cho ph\u00e9p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 theo th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Kaizen (c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c) v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ROI (l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0) c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch minh b\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"V\u00ec
V\u00ec sao c\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb?<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

3. L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a VSM trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

3.1 Gi\u1ea3m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u th\u1eddi gian chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

VSM gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed ch\u00ednh trong Lean Manufacturing v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ch\u00fang \u0111ang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e3ng ph\u00ed do s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0 th\u1eeba th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed3n kho cao v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u201cch\u00f4n\u201d v\u1ed1n. Khi v\u1ebd VSM, doanh nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed3n kho l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u00e1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e3ng ph\u00ed do ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn t\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian lead time k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00eam gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. VSM cho ph\u00e9p \u0111o r\u00f5 th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u1edf t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u00f2ng v\u00e8o c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, VSM c\u00f2n gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u1ed3n kho d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u01b0 th\u1eeba (over-processing), l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed s\u1ebd gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng VSM \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian lead time t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 60%, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2 T\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Khi quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng VSM, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nh\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i. VSM ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111ang c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i cao v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7, gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi gian lead time ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nhanh h\u01a1n. Khi giao h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 may m\u1eb7c, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, VSM c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng VSM \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a VSM m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness \u2013 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3), First Pass Yield (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n ngay t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u), lead time, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 giao h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n (On-Time Delivery) v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"L\u1ee3i
L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a VSM trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

4. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 VSM<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

4.1 B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng VSM l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n b\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e2u ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 l\u00fac nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c khi nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u1eadp kho. \u0110i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac l\u00e0 khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi kho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Nh\u00f3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn bao g\u1ed3m th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 (th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m), th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 h\u00e0ng, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed3n kho trung b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u1ea7n ghi l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn theo ng\u00e0y hay theo tu\u1ea7n, th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hay gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.2  V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng (Current State Map)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u00f3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i quy tr\u00ecnh \u201cl\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d hay quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, k\u00e8m theo nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh ra takt time (nh\u1ecbp s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u2013 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng chia cho s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u). \u1ede ph\u00eda tr\u00ean b\u00ean tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng, ghi r\u00f5 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cung c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i h\u1ed9p th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111i k\u00e8m m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 ghi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 cycle time, s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i. Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed3n kho h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng \u0111ang ch\u1edd, k\u00e8m theo s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed3n kho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng tin truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng hay qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi gian. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u00f3m c\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (value-added time) v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian lead time<\/a> (th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i). So s\u00e1nh hai con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong ng\u00e0nh may m\u1eb7c, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u nh\u1eadn v\u1ea3i, sau \u0111\u00f3 qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1eaft, may, \u1ee7i\/l\u00e0, ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 giao h\u00e0ng. M\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau, trong khi t\u1ed3n kho gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb v\u00e0i gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng lead time t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.3 B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (Future State Map)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, nh\u00f3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201ct\u1ea1i sao\u201d t\u1ea1i t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: v\u00ec sao t\u1ed3n kho l\u1ea1i d\u1ed3n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00ec sao th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec sao th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 5 Why<\/a> (5 l\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi \u201cT\u1ea1i sao\u201d) s\u1ebd gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m truy t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ea7n ng\u1ecdn. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n kho cao gi\u1eefa hai c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n: t\u1ea1i sao t\u1ed3n kho cao \u2192 v\u00ec c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m nhanh h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n sau \u2192 t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n sau ch\u1eadm \u2192 v\u00ec m\u00e1y hay h\u1ecfng \u2192 t\u1ea1i sao m\u00e1y hay h\u1ecfng \u2192 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u2192 t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u2192 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo d\u00f5i b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 (Fishbone diagram)<\/a> th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n – k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n theo nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecf s\u00f3t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, nh\u00f3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 quy tr\u00ecnh sau khi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ea7n mang t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong 6\u201312 th\u00e1ng, thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh qu\u00e1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo takt time, t\u1ea1o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t khi c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, san ph\u1eb3ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ecf m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua Kaizen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.4 B\u01b0\u1edbc 4\u20136: L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Kaizen, tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u1eb9p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Kaizen<\/a> (c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c). Nh\u00f3m c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ai l\u00e0m, l\u00e0m g\u00ec, khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Kaizen th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng workshop, m\u1ed7i workshop gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t workshop th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 3\u20135 ng\u00e0y, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ngay t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh (owner), th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111i k\u00e8m. B\u1ea3ng theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 khi c\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hay kh\u00f4ng, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c KPI tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi tri\u1ec3n khai. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m lead time t\u1eeb 15 ng\u00e0y xu\u1ed1ng 10 ng\u00e0y, th\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111o h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n VSM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u00f4ng qua ROI, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed3n kho, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u0103ng doanh thu nh\u1edd giao h\u00e0ng nhanh h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n VSM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i v\u1ed1n trong v\u00f2ng 6\u201312 th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, VSM kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i th\u00f4i. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i qu\u00fd ho\u1eb7c khi quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn. Khi \u0111\u00f3, VSM tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Case study \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng VSM th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

5.1 V\u00ed d\u1ee5 doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam (nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Case 1: Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u1ea1i khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00eda Nam th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u1eb7p t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng giao h\u00e0ng tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n kho cao. Lead time l\u00e0 18 ng\u00e0y, trong khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 12 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f3m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n khai VSM v\u00e0 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh 3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u1ea5t t\u1edbi 3 ng\u00e0y do ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, d\u00f9 th\u1eddi gian ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 2 gi\u1edd;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1ed3n kho gi\u1eefa l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 5 ng\u00e0y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng truy\u1ec1n qua nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p, l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 2 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m: chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o sang nh\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Kanban \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed3n kho gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau 9 th\u00e1ng tri\u1ec3n khai, lead time gi\u1ea3m c\u00f2n 10 ng\u00e0y (gi\u1ea3m 44%), t\u1ed3n kho gi\u1ea3m 35%, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kho\u1ea3ng 2,5 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ed1n l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 giao h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 72% l\u00ean 94%. T\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y, doanh nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng VSM sang c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Case 2: B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111a khoa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111a khoa t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng VSM \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ngo\u1ea1i tr\u00fa. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua 7 b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1m, v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd trung b\u00ecnh 145 ph\u00fat, trong khi th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 15 ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 gi\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n qua nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00f2ng, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n di chuy\u1ec3n qua nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ea7y kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa kh\u00e2u h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed li\u00ean th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda cho c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau 6 th\u00e1ng tri\u1ec3n khai, th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd trung b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m c\u00f2n 65 ph\u00fat (gi\u1ea3m 55%), m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 3,2\/5 l\u00ean 4,3\/5. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn t\u0103ng 30% m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.2 B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb c\u00e1c case study tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n VSM hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, d\u1ec5 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nhanh, t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1edbm v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n VSM th\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n