{"id":26893,"date":"2026-01-08T14:26:47","date_gmt":"2026-01-08T07:26:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/?p=26893"},"modified":"2026-01-26T11:10:17","modified_gmt":"2026-01-26T04:10:17","slug":"qa-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/qa-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"QA l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Quality Assurance (QA) hay \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Base.vn<\/a> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 QA l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean QA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. QA l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a QA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

QA<\/strong> l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Quality Assurance<\/strong>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Theo Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hoa K\u1ef3 (American Society for Quality \u2013 ASQ), QA l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QA kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i sau khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u1edbm, nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba sai s\u00f3t th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 9000 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng QA c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, t\u1eeb l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"QA
QA l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

1.2 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a QA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

QA ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920, Walter Shewhart t\u1ea1i Bell Laboratories \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a QA ng\u00e0y nay. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Total Quality Management<\/a> (TQM \u2013 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n), \u0111\u01b0a t\u01b0 duy c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1980\u20131990, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ISO 9000 ra \u0111\u1eddi, gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 khung qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, QA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n qua m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall<\/a> (ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 theo d\u1ea1ng th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc), sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Agile<\/a> (ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n linh ho\u1ea1t) t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000. T\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 2010, DevOps (k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh) c\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a khi\u1ebfn QA tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, QA g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) trong d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, hay Lean Manufacturing (s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn) v\u00e0 Six Sigma (gi\u1ea3m sai l\u1ed7i)<\/a> trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. D\u00f9 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung v\u1eabn l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3 Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a QA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

QA ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh: ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i (prevention) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (continuous improvement). Thay v\u00ec s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i sau c\u00f9ng, QA t\u1eadp trung x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cfit for purpose\u201d (ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng) \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u201cRight first time\u201d (l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u) gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. Chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA<\/a> (Plan \u2013 Do \u2013 Check \u2013 Act: L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u2013 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u2013 Ki\u1ec3m tra \u2013 C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, QA kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m chung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.4 T\u1ea1i sao QA c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh hi\u1ec7n nay, QA th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n theo k\u1ecbp t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ed1 h\u00f3a QA gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ea1y h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t test case (k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed) trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Selenium (t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed), Jenkins (t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p), TestRail (qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o CI\/CD (Continuous Integration\/Continuous Delivery \u2013 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai li\u00ean t\u1ee5c), gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm khi chi ph\u00ed s\u1eeda c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c qua dashboard (b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c quan). Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng traceability (truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n: m\u1ed7i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, l\u1ed7i hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ee7i ro trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 Base.vn gi\u00fap t\u00edch h\u1ee3p QA v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh chung. Thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, quy tr\u00ecnh, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng duy nh\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m sai l\u1ec7ch do thi\u1ebfu li\u00ean th\u00f4ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t QA, QC v\u00e0 Tester<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

QA, QC v\u00e0 Tester \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 Vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

QA (Quality Assurance) t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i. QA x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean QA tham gia ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, t\u1eeb l\u00fac x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QC (Quality Control)<\/a> \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean QC th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t sau khi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 \u201ch\u00e0ng r\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n giao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tester l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. H\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng test case (k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed), ch\u1ea1y ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, ghi nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i. Tester c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9i QA ho\u1eb7c QC, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh chi ti\u1ebft<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh so s\u00e1nh<\/strong><\/td>QA<\/strong><\/td>QC<\/strong><\/td>Tester <\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/td>Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/td>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n<\/td>Th\u1ef1c thi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u1ea1m vi<\/td>To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/td>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/td>C\u00e1c pha ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td><\/tr>
M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/td>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n<\/td>X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n<\/td>T\u00ecm l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/td><\/tr>
Ai tham gia<\/td>To\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t<\/td>K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/td><\/tr>
C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/td>Audit, SOP, quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/td>Ki\u1ec3m tra, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh, xem x\u00e9t code<\/td>K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (Selenium, JMeter)<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110\u1ea7u ra<\/td>Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed7i t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c<\/td>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/td>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o bug, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/td><\/tr>
K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3<\/td>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh, audit, giao ti\u1ebfp<\/td>K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/td>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/td><\/tr>
Chi ph\u00ed s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i<\/td>Th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t (ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm)<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh (ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m)<\/td>Thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.3 Minh h\u1ecda trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Agile<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng s\u1ed1, QA tham gia t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Sprint Planning \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o user story (m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng) r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 acceptance criteria (ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn) c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. QA c\u0169ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp Definition of Done (\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 code, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh code v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, CI\/CD (t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai li\u00ean t\u1ee5c) t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed do Tester chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. Tester ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, t\u1ea1o bug report (b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i) tr\u00ean Jira v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. QC ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n smoke test (ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh) v\u00e0 regression test (ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ed3i quy) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac sprint, QC th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n acceptance testing (ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Song song \u0111\u00f3, QA t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 test coverage (m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bao ph\u1ee7 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed), defect density (m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn cho sprint ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.4 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, QA x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n theo SOP (quy tr\u00ecnh thao t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n). QC ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n, l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111o th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Tester, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i test chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u nh\u01b0 test ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c test nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, QA \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 thi c\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. QC ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t thi c\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p th\u1eed c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7m thu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, QA t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, QC gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00f2n Tester cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ba vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"So
So s\u00e1nh QA v\u00e0 QC<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

3. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean QA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean QA s\u1ebd gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00fap \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi theo \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.1 Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a QA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean QA th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c xem l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc. QA ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xem l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb quy tr\u00ecnh hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb. Trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp ng\u1eafn h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, QA c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 chung v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1eb7c r\u00e0 so\u00e1t trong ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a QA d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt SOP (Standard Operating Procedure)<\/a>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, vi\u1ebft k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i. SOP c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QA c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra. H\u1ecd r\u00e0 so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ed7i t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cb\u1eaft l\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, QA t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bao ph\u1ee7 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i trung b\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2 C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 QA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Jira l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Agile. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean QA s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Jira \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TestRail l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. QA d\u00f9ng TestRail \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c test case theo t\u1eebng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. TestRail th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Jira \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selenium l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web. QA c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng Selenium \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed3i quy (regression test). Khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Jenkins ho\u1eb7c GitLab CI (c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c), c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean QA c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Postman \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed API, JMeter \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 SonarQube \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap QA l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3 Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u1edf nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean QA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u1ea5t. QA c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. QA ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ed7i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean, trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0nh (domain knowledge) gi\u00fap QA ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u00e1t v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, QA trong fintech c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, QA trong y t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, c\u00f2n QA trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 ISO, Lean hay Six Sigma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. QA n\u00ean c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, nh\u01b0 QA th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, QA t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a hay SDET (Software Development Engineer in Test \u2013 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"C\u00f4ng
C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean QA<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

4. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a QA trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam 2026<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

4.1 QA trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef V (V-Model \u2013 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng), m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. QA tham gia ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Khi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n song song \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1ecf. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c module ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang khi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a V-Model l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh r\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch, tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Agile, QA kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u00e0 tham gia tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i sprint. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p TDD (Test-Driven Development \u2013 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. Nh\u1edd ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, m\u1ed7i t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra ngay khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. QA tham gia l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sprint, h\u1ecdp h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a QA chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cb\u1eaft l\u1ed7i\u201d sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0 duy ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DevOps ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a QA th\u00f4ng qua CI\/CD (Continuous Integration \/ Continuous Deployment \u2013 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai li\u00ean t\u1ee5c). M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Ch\u1ec9 khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, m\u00e3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. QA trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng DevOps c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 container (\u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng) nh\u01b0 Docker, Kubernetes, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 s\u1edbm.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\u1ee8ng
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a QA trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

4.2 QA trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, QA th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 9001. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed cho c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Samsung hay LG \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng QA t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u ki\u1ec3m tra nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea (SPC \u2013 Statistical Process Control) gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1ed7i lan r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice)<\/a> l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. QA \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i l\u00f4 thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n, v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, th\u1eddi gian s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng l\u00f4 thu\u1ed1c khi c\u1ea7n thu h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, QA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TCVN v\u00e0 TCXDVN. QA ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u1ec7m thu c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng BIM (Building Information Modeling \u2013 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh) gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm xung \u0111\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u sai l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam:<\/strong> CAPA l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Base.vn – Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tri\u1ec3n khai QA xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t to\u00e0n doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 QA gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf t\u01b0 duy ch\u1ec9 xem \u201cch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u00e2u ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Khi QA ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1eb7ng cu\u1ed1i, l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn QA theo h\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n: ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ngay t\u1eeb khi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u00e0n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 Base.vn, \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Base.vn<\/a> \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb trung t\u00e2m, gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p tri\u1ec3n khai t\u01b0 duy QA tr\u00ean to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Thay v\u00ec m\u1ed7i ph\u00f2ng ban v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang, Base.vn gi\u00fap chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin minh b\u1ea1ch. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, QA kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1ch doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Base.vn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p tri\u1ec3n khai QA tr\u00ean to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng qua qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0110\u01b0a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Giao vi\u1ec7c, theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 theo ph\u00f2ng ban, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh, gi\u00fap QA d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh theo lu\u1ed3ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 l\u01b0u v\u1ebft, gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro sai s\u00f3t do x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Minh b\u1ea1ch chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Theo d\u00f5i chi ph\u00ed, doanh thu theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t chi ti\u00eau, mua s\u1eafm v\u00e0 thanh to\u00e1n theo quy tr\u00ecnh r\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch, gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung, t\u1ea1o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn QA:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ban h\u00e0nh, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1ea1o kho tri th\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, gi\u00fap nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tra c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh QA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a minh b\u1ea1ch, n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n (SOP) cho vi\u1ec7c giao ti\u1ebfp, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Theo d\u00f5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, thu th\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng, t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Base.vn<\/a>
Base.vn<\/a> – Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

H\u01a1n 11.000 doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o,\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng Base.vn. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Base.vn ngay h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u00e1ch g\u1eafn k\u1ebft QA v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 QA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

6.1 QA c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft code kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f9y v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. QA ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 logic code, SQL (truy v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u) ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed API \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, QA ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c SDET (Software Development Engineer in Test) th\u00ec b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft code \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed b\u1eb1ng Python, Java, JavaScript v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o CI\/CD. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chung l\u00e0 QA c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.2 L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh QA t\u1eeb con s\u1ed1 0?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, bao g\u1ed3m: k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, th\u1ef1c thi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi l\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed3i quy, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nhanh ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf tr\u00ean GitHub, t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho ch\u00fang. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u00e3y th\u1eed t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i trong c\u00e1c website ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i chi ti\u1ebft. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 duy ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 QA. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Jira \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Agile; l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi Selenium b\u1eb1ng Java ho\u1eb7c Python \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n; ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi Postman \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed API. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y \u1ee9ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c fresher t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 FPT Software, TMA Solutions hay Gameloft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, ISTQB Foundation Level l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, cung c\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.3 QA v\u00e0 Tester kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

QA c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. C\u00f2n Tester l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea1y test case, t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda. Ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u, Tester l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 n\u1eb1m trong QA. QA mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, c\u00f2n Tester th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.4 QA c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 (domain) kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Hi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 gi\u00fap QA bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: QA ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t, giao d\u1ecbch; QA th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm quy tr\u00ecnh thanh to\u00e1n, t\u1ed3n kho; QA logistics c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 quy tr\u00ecnh giao h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho. C\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, tham gia h\u1ecdp ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. K\u1ebft B\u00e0i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Qua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u QA l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, QA kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. V\u00e0 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a QA l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Quality Assurance (QA) hay \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Base.vn t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":26910,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[64],"class_list":["post-26893","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kien-thuc-san-xuat"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nQA l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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