{"id":4443,"date":"2024-04-02T14:09:06","date_gmt":"2024-04-02T07:09:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.base.vn\/?p=4443"},"modified":"2025-08-09T10:09:34","modified_gmt":"2025-08-09T03:09:34","slug":"mo-hinh-waterfall","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-waterfall\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Waterfall v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><em>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall<\/em><\/strong> hay <strong><em>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng <a href=\"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/quan-ly-du-an\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/a> mang t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao. Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, <a href=\"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/\">Base Blog<\/a> s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1c \u01b0u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Waterfall v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-mo-hinh-waterfall-la-gi\"><strong>1. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-1-d\u1ecbnh-nghia\"><strong>1.1. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall, hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall, c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/du-an-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi khi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/base.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/mo-hinh-waterfall-la-gi-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall hay M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall hay M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-2-l\u1ecbch-s\u1eed-hinh-thanh\"><strong>1.2. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sau khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 v\u00e0 1960, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Herbert D. Benington l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o <em>&#8220;Symposium on Advanced Programming Methods for Digital Computers&#8221; <\/em>v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1956.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1970, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winston_W._Royce\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winston_W._Royce\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Winston W. Royce<\/a> \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. Royce c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-cac-giai-do\u1ea1n-c\u1ee7a-mo-hinh-waterfall-trong-qu\u1ea3n-ly-d\u1ef1-an\"><strong>2. C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-1-mo-hinh-waterfall-g\u1ed3m-nh\u1eefng-giai-do\u1ea1n-nao\"><strong>2.1. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall bao g\u1ed3m 5 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (Requirements), Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (Design), Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n (Implement), Ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m (Verification) v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec (Maintenance).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/base.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/mo-hinh-waterfall-2-1024x670.jpg\" alt=\"5 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">5 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-giai-do\u1ea1n-1-yeu-c\u1ea7u\"><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 &#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea7n thu th\u1eadp trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n: M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh? Th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 bao l\u00e2u? C\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan: Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u1edf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7m thu? Nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i xong v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-giai-do\u1ea1n-2-thi\u1ebft-k\u1ebf\"><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2 &#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u201ch\u00ecnh h\u00e0i\u201d c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m hai b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1 &#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf logic (thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5p cao): Nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1ea3 thi, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2 &#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd (thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p): Nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n thu h\u1eb9p c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, bao g\u1ed3m ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, th\u1eddi gian, nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-giai-do\u1ea1n-3-th\u1ef1c-hi\u1ec7n\"><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3 &#8211; Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn quy tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean: V\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o s\u1eb5n, nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 <a href=\"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/so-do-gantt\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Gantt<\/a> ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n <a href=\"https:\/\/base.vn\/app\/wework?utm_source=base-blog&amp;utm_content=base.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-waterfall\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Base Wework<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan: M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Waterfall th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1eabn n\u00ean b\u00e1o c\u00e1o s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho h\u1ecd &#8211; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-giai-do\u1ea1n-4-ki\u1ec3m-nghi\u1ec7m\"><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4 &#8211; Ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a, m\u1ecdi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00fac n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-giai-do\u1ea1n-5-b\u1ea3o-tri\"><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 5 &#8211; B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra sau khi nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u00e0n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tung ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ebft trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng g\u00f3p \u00fd, ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ch\u00fang t\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1eabn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i sai b\u1ecb \u201cb\u1ecf qu\u00ean\u201d. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn khi c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-2-vi-d\u1ee5-v\u1ec1-mo-hinh-waterfall-trong-qu\u1ea3n-ly-d\u1ef1-an-marketing\"><strong>2.2. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Marketing<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u00ecn chung, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Marketing cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: <\/strong>\u0110\u1ed9i Marketing th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Marketing, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t,\u2026<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong> D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin thu th\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ed9i Marketing l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn k\u00eanh marketing ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, l\u00ean l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: <\/strong>\u0110\u1ed9i Marketing tri\u1ec3n khai chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ra. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tr\u00ean Google, email marketing,&#8230; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m: <\/strong>\u0110\u1ed9i Marketing ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi r\u00fat ra b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m cho c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec: <\/strong>\u0110\u1ed9i Marketing ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch marketing \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebf6fd\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/so-do-gantt\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gantt chart l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u01afu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Gantt 2024<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-\u01b0u-nh\u01b0\u1ee3c-di\u1ec3m-c\u1ee7a-mo-hinh-waterfall\"><strong>3. \u01afu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-1-\u01b0u-di\u1ec3m-nbsp\"><strong>3.1. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1ef1 \u00e1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: <\/strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ra, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: <\/strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch<strong> <\/strong>s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t sau khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u qua t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9:<\/strong> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3; gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro: <\/strong>V\u00ec m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo, n\u00ean doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t r\u1ee7i ro m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u1ea3 quan h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-2-nh\u01b0\u1ee3c-di\u1ec3m\"><strong>3.2. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t: <\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n nh\u1ecf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra sau Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kinh ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng:<\/strong> Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall, vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh di\u1ec5n ra mu\u1ed9n m\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nguy c\u01a1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n: <\/strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, do \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-so-sanh-waterfall-va-cac-mo-hinh-qu\u1ea3n-ly-d\u1ef1-an-khac\"><strong>4. So s\u00e1nh Waterfall v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/base.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/so-sanh-cac-mo-hinh-voi-waterfall-1024x427.jpg\" alt=\"Waterfall v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Waterfall v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-1-so-sanh-ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-phap-lu\u1eadn-c\u1ee7a-waterfall-va-agile\"><strong>4.1. So s\u00e1nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Waterfall v\u00e0 Agile<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/agile-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Agile<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n linh ho\u1ea1t, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eb7p ng\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng 1 &#8211; 4 tu\u1ea7n, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn Agile nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh qua vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/base.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/waterfall-va-agile-1-1024x438.jpg\" alt=\"2 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 Waterfall v\u00e0 Agile\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">2 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 Waterfall v\u00e0 Agile<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>C\u00f9ng so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Waterfall v\u00e0 Agile:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table alignleft\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn Agile<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>T\u01b0 duy<\/strong><\/td><td>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ec1 cao s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Th\u1eddi gian<\/strong><\/td><td>C\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u<\/td><td>Linh ho\u1ea1t, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/td><td>Th\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/td><td>Cao, m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/td><td>C\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/td><td>Linh ho\u1ea1t, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng cao v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ngay c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/strong><\/td><td>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan tham gia v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/td><td>Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 tham gia v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp thu \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>R\u1ee7i ro<\/strong><\/td><td>Cao, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/td><td>Th\u1ea5p, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/td><td>C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, d\u1ec5 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o<\/td><td>C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh thay \u0111\u1ed5i cao<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-2-so-sanh-mo-hinh-waterfall-va-scrum\"><strong>4.2. So s\u00e1nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall v\u00e0 Scrum<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/scrum-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Scrum<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1a theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn Agile, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi quy m\u00f4, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u1eefa m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall v\u00e0 Scrum c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table alignleft\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Scrum<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>T\u01b0 duy<\/strong><\/td><td>Tu\u00e2n theo quy tr\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td><td>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 l\u1eb7p ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sprint: m\u1ed7i Sprint t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/strong><\/td><td>Kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa<\/td><td>C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/strong><\/td><td>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec<\/td><td>C\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Scrum Master (ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tri\u1ec3n khai Scrum trong \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/td><td>C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u1ec5 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o<\/td><td>C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-3-so-sanh-mo-hinh-waterfall-va-kanban\"><strong>4.3. So s\u00e1nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall v\u00e0 Kanban<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/base.vn\/blog\/kanban-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kanban<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n theo ki\u1ec3u Nh\u1eadt. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kinh doanh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall v\u00e0 Kanban th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table alignleft\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Kanban<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>T\u01b0 duy<\/strong><\/td><td>C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u00ec m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau<\/td><td>C\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc &#8220;\u0111\u1ea9y&#8221; lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean t\u1edbi c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cm\u1edf\u201d c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/strong><\/td><td>Th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/td><td>T\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/strong><\/td><td>Quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/td><td>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Kanban<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/td><td>C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t sinh<\/td><td>C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-tom-l\u1ea1i-mo-hinh-waterfall-phu-h\u1ee3p-v\u1edbi-cac-d\u1ef1-an-nh\u01b0-th\u1ebf-nao\"><strong>5. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi quy m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh. Theo \u0111\u00f3, Waterfall ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/strong> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall gi\u00fap nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m A \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m B, cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tham chi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o:<\/strong> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kinh ph\u00ed, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7,&#8230; \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy t\u00ednh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n:<\/strong> V\u00ec c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc di\u1ec5n ra theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o, n\u00f3 kh\u00e1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-k\u1ebft-lu\u1eadn\"><strong>6. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall l\u00e0 g\u00ec. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Waterfall th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall hay M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n mang t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao. Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.&nbsp; Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, Base Blog s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":4447,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[55],"class_list":["post-4443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-quan-ly-van-hanh"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.4 (Yoast SEO v24.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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